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Newly released JFK assassination records show details of covert CIA operations in Cuba but ‘nothing points to a second gunman’

Newly released documents related to President John F. Kennedy’s assassination in 1963 gave curious readers more details Wednesday into Cold War-era covert U.S. operations in other nations but didn’t initially lend credence to long-circulating conspiracy theories about who killed JFK.
Assessments of the roughly 2,200 files posted by the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration on its website came with a huge caveat: No one had enough time as of Wednesday to review more than a small fraction of them. The vast majority of the National Archives’ more than 6 million pages of records, photographs, motion pictures, sound recordings and artifacts related to the assassination have previously been released.
An initial Associated Press review of more than 63,000 pages of records released this week shows that some were not directly related to the assassination but rather dealt with covert CIA operations, particularly in Cuba. And nothing in the first documents examined undercut the conclusion that Kennedy assassin Lee Harvey Oswald was the lone gunman in Dallas on Nov. 22, 1963.
“Nothing points to a second gunman,” said Philip Shenon, who wrote a 2013 book about the assassination. “I haven’t seen any big blockbusters that rewrite the essential history of the assassination, but it is very early.”
Kennedy was killed on a visit to Dallas, when his motorcade was finishing its parade route downtown and shots rang out from the Texas School Book Depository building. Police arrested the 24-year-old Oswald, a former Marine who had positioned himself from a sniper’s perch on the sixth floor. Two days later Jack Ruby, a nightclub owner, fatally shot Oswald during a jail transfer broadcast live on television.
Historians hope for new details about the man who killed JFK
A year after the assassination, the Warren Commission, established by President Lyndon B. Johnson to investigate, concluded that Oswald acted alone and there was no evidence of a conspiracy. But critics of the commission still spun a web of alternative theories.
Historians are hoping for details fleshing out Oswald’s activities before the assassination and what the CIA and FBI knew about him beforehand.
Shenon pointed Wednesday to previously released documents about a trip Oswald made to Mexico City at the end of September 1963. Records show Oswald intended to contact the Soviet Union’s embassy there after living as a U.S. defector in the U.S.S.R. from October 1959 until June 1962.
Shenon said the U.S. government may have kept information about what it knew about Oswald before the assassination secret to hide what he described as officials’ possible “incompetence and laziness.”
“The CIA had Oswald under pretty aggressive surveillance while he was there and this was just several weeks before the assassination,” Shenon said. “There’s reason to believe he talked openly about killing Kennedy in Mexico City and that people overheard him say that.”
Speculation about such details surrounding Kennedy’s assassination has been intense over the decades, generating countless conspiracy theories about multiple shooters and involvement by the Soviet Union, the mafia and the CIA. The new release fueled rampant online speculation and sent people scurrying to read the documents and share online what they might mean.
Many documents already were public but information had been redacted
The latest release of documents followed an order by President Donald Trump, though most of the records were made public previously with redactions. Before Tuesday, researchers had estimated that 3,000 to 3,500 files were still unreleased, either wholly or partially. Last month, the FBI said it had discovered about 2,400 new records related to the assassination.
Jefferson Morley, vice president of the Mary Ferrell Foundation, a repository for files related to the assassination, said in a statement posted on the social platform X that much of the “rampant overclassification of trivial information has been eliminated” from the documents.
The timing of the release drew criticism from a Kennedy grandson, Jack Schlossberg. In a post on X, Schlossberg said the Trump administration did not notify family members before the records were made public.
“a total surprise, and not shocker !!” Schlossberg wrote.
Trump issued his executive order to release the files on Jan. 23.
A boon to historians of the Cold War
The latest release also is a boon to historians of the Cold War. Timothy Naftali, an adjunct professor at Columbia University who is writing a book about JFK’s presidency, said scholars now appear to have more details about U.S. intelligence activities under Kennedy than under any other president.
For example, in October 1975, U.S. senators were investigating what the CIA knew about Oswald, and an October 1975 memo said they considered the agency “not forthcoming.”
A version of that memo released in 2023 redacted the name of the CIA’s security contact on Oswald in Mexico, as well as the identity of someone behind the “penetration of the Cuban embassy” there. The latest version shows that the security contact was the president of Mexico in 1975, Luis Echeverria Alvarez, who died in 2022, and that the Mexican government itself penetrated the Cuban embassy.
Also, Naftali said, before the latest release, the government had made public copies of Johnson’s presidential “daily checklist” of highly sensitive foreign intelligence in the days after Kennedy’s assassination, but with much of the material redacted. Now, he said, people can read what Johnson read.
“It’s quite remarkable to be able to walk through that secret world,” he said.
Some records provide small details about covert operations
Documents show that in December 1963, the CIA director’s office was receiving messages from and replying to operatives in Cuba seeking to undermine the government under Fidel Castro. One, on Dec. 9, 1963, relayed a message to the director from Cuba: “TODAY RECD THE MAGNUM PISTOLS BUT NO BULLETS.”
“You’re getting both a bird’s-eye view of U.S. foreign policy, and you’re also getting a snail’s eye view of covert action, right there on the ground,” Naftali said.
In a previously released April 1975 memo, the CIA downplayed what it knew about Oswald’s visit to Mexico City before the assassination. The memo said the CIA recorded three phone calls between Oswald and a guard at the Soviet embassy, but only in the last one did Oswald identify himself.
“We’re now discovering how much more the CIA and the FBI knew before the assassination about Oswald,” Shenon said. “And the question is, why didn’t they act on the information in their own files?”
This story was originally featured on Fortune.com
Tech News
‘We won’t be silent’ — Teachers vow legal challenges after Trump moves to slash Department of Education

- President Donald Trump signed an executive order to crack open the Department of Education on Thursday. The American Federation of Teachers and the National Education Association condemned the move, and have promised lawsuits. Earlier this month, the department laid off nearly half of its staff.
President Donald Trump signed an executive order that would dissolve the U.S. Department of Education (DOE). While the agency cannot be shuttered without congressional approval, Trump signed the order saying that it would “begin eliminating the federal Department of Education once and for all.”
The order states taxpayers spend $60 billion annually on federal school funding marshalled and distributed by the DOE even though the agency “does not educate anyone.” In the order, Trump claimed its closure would help children and families “escape a system that is failing them.” Trump directed Secretary of Education Linda McMahon to turn education authority over to states and local communities while ensuring “uninterrupted delivery of services, programs, and benefits on which Americans rely.” It also directs McMahon to terminate programs promoting “gender ideology,” and withdraw funding from programs and activities that illegally discriminate based on diversity, equity, and inclusion. The order claimed that the DOE maintains a public relations office with 80 staff members at a cost of $10 million a year.
In a quick rebuke, American Federation of Teachers President Randi Weingarten said the 1.7-million member union would, “see you in court,” in a statement to Fortune.
The DOE is charged with oversight of the country’s $1.6 trillion federal student loan fund, and oversees and sets school policies for early childhood, primary, and secondary schools through financial funding and monitoring. The agency’s remit includes ensuring equal access to education for all students including those from low-income, disabled, and non-native English speaking homes. Established in 1979, the DOE supervises 50 million students in public school systems across the country.
Earlier this month under the direction of Elon Musk’s Department of Government Efficiency, the DOE laid off 2,183 employees, nearly half of its January workforce of more than 4,100.
“Now, Trump is at it again with his latest effort to gut the Department of Education programs that support every student across the nation,” National Education Association President Becky Pringle said in a statement to Fortune.
Pringle claimed cuts to the DOE would increase class sizes, cut job training programs, eliminate special education for those with disabilities, axe civil rights protections and increase college tuition prices, putting it “out of reach for middle class families.”
“We won’t be silent as anti-public education politicians try to steal opportunities from our students, our families, and our communities to pay for tax cuts for billionaires,” Pringle said.
Republican lawmakers have long tried to terminate the department since the 1980s, but in recent years that campaign has garnered traction as tensions mounted after federal mandates and policies in response to COVID-19.
“In moving forward with this, Trump is ignoring what parents and educators know is right for our students,” Pringle said.
This story was originally featured on Fortune.com
Tech News
‘We won’t be silent’ — Teachers vow legal challenges after Trump moves to slash Department of Education

- President Donald Trump signed an executive order to crack open the Department of Education on Thursday. The American Federation of Teachers and the National Education Association condemned the move, and have promised lawsuits. Earlier this month, the department laid off nearly half of its staff.
President Donald Trump signed an executive order that would dissolve the U.S. Department of Education (DOE). While the agency cannot be shuttered without congressional approval, Trump signed the order saying that it would “begin eliminating the federal Department of Education once and for all.”
The order states taxpayers spend $60 billion annually on federal school funding marshalled and distributed by the DOE even though the agency “does not educate anyone.” In the order, Trump claimed its closure would help children and families “escape a system that is failing them.” Trump directed Secretary of Education Linda McMahon to turn education authority over to states and local communities while ensuring “uninterrupted delivery of services, programs, and benefits on which Americans rely.” It also directs McMahon to terminate programs promoting “gender ideology,” and withdraw funding from programs and activities that illegally discriminate based on diversity, equity, and inclusion. The order claimed that the DOE maintains a public relations office with 80 staff members at a cost of $10 million a year.
In a quick rebuke, American Federation of Teachers President Randi Weingarten said the 1.7-million member union would, “see you in court,” in a statement to Fortune.
The DOE is charged with oversight of the country’s $1.6 trillion federal student loan fund, and oversees and sets school policies for early childhood, primary, and secondary schools through financial funding and monitoring. The agency’s remit includes ensuring equal access to education for all students including those from low-income, disabled, and non-native English speaking homes. Established in 1979, the DOE supervises 50 million students in public school systems across the country.
Earlier this month under the direction of Elon Musk’s Department of Government Efficiency, the DOE laid off 2,183 employees, nearly half of its January workforce of more than 4,100.
“Now, Trump is at it again with his latest effort to gut the Department of Education programs that support every student across the nation,” National Education Association President Becky Pringle said in a statement to Fortune.
Pringle claimed cuts to the DOE would increase class sizes, cut job training programs, eliminate special education for those with disabilities, axe civil rights protections and increase college tuition prices, putting it “out of reach for middle class families.”
“We won’t be silent as anti-public education politicians try to steal opportunities from our students, our families, and our communities to pay for tax cuts for billionaires,” Pringle said.
Republican lawmakers have long tried to terminate the department since the 1980s, but in recent years that campaign has garnered traction as tensions mounted after federal mandates and policies in response to COVID-19.
“In moving forward with this, Trump is ignoring what parents and educators know is right for our students,” Pringle said.
This story was originally featured on Fortune.com
Tech News
Olive Garden parent company shrugs off concerns of plummeting consumer confidence because restaurant goers continue ‘to treat themselves and splurge’

- Stock for Darden Restaurants, which owns Olive Garden and Longhorn’s Steakhouse, neared a 52-week high on Thursday. Investors were able to look past a lackluster quarter because the company said it wasn’t affected by declines in consumer confidence.
How does a restaurant conglomerate that relies on customers’ discretionary income earn a minor stock rally during a period of declining consumer confidence? By showing Wall Street that while consumers might be worried, they’re still hungry.
Darden Restaurants, the parent company of popular chains like Olive Garden and Longhorn’s Steakhouse, saw its stock pop as much as 7% on Thursday after executives said during its third-quarter earnings call it had, so far, been impervious to mounting consumer fears. Any worries about an impending economic downturn weren’t stopping customers from going out to eat.
“Even if people say they’re feeling less optimistic, we haven’t seen a huge correlation between that and dining out,” Darden CEO Rick Cardenas said during the earnings call. “So changes in consumer sentiment haven’t necessarily translated to material changes in consumer spending.”
In fact, Cardenas said he expected eating out to be relatively resistant to any economic anxieties.
“Dining out is the number one category where people treat themselves and splurge,” he said.
Investors were so pleased with Darden’s prediction that consumers would keep spending at its restaurants that they overlooked a quarter that failed to meet Wall Street’s growth expectations. Across all of its brands, Darden grew same store sales 0.7%, when investors expected them to grow 1.7%. Darden’s revenue for the quarter was up 6.2% for a total of $3.2 billion. Most of that growth came on the back of its acquisition of Chuy’s, an Austin-based Tex-mex chain.
However, it was Darden’s bright forecast that powered the stock on Thursday, which at one point throughout the day was just 15 cents from its 52-week high. The company said next quarter it expected same-store sales to grow 3%. Darden CFO Raj Veenam said the company didn’t expect its operating margin to grow “materially” alongside same-store sales.
Darden declined to provide further comment to Fortune.
Darden executives said they preferred to keep an eye on inflation levels rather than consumer confidence. For Darden, the priority was that incomes continued to outpace inflation, according to Cardenas. If the rate of inflation comes down and essential goods like groceries, gas, and housing cost less, then people would have more money for things like endless pasta and T-bone steaks.
“It’s giving people a little bit more disposable income and they may be choosing to spend it on dining out versus buying a good,” Cardenas said.
This story was originally featured on Fortune.com
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